A hash function is said to be secure if it is a one way hash function and is collision resistant. The one way property ensures that given a hash value h, it is computationally infeasible to find an...

A shell is an interface to the operating system’s services. All process are created by fork() and given a new direction by the exec() process. The trace of forks and calls can be seen from the stra...

Stack 0 #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { volatile int modified; char buffer[64]; modified = 0; gets(bu...